1) The subject of this course is (please answer
correctly as it will be graded):
A. Environmental Science
B. Quantum Mechanics
C. Underwater Basketweaving
D. Advanced Soil Chemistry
2) According to the discussion list, what is the
"tagline" for Environmentalism in the US these days?
A. Individual energy use
B. Going Green
C. Recycling
D. Economic equality
3) According to the discussion list, when should
students first be required to take a course in environmental science?
A. Kindergarten
B. First grade or second grade
C. High school
D. College
4) In municipal
sewage treatment process, breakdown of dissolved organic compounds by
aerobic bacteria is an example of __________.
A. primary treatment
B. secondary treatment
C. tertiary treatment
D. cultural eutrophication
5) Scattered, or
diffuse sources of water pollution, known as __________ are exemplified
by farm fields, roads, parking lots and golf courses.
A. nonpoint sources
B. point sources
C. aquifers
D. oligotrophic
6) Which of the
following influences moisture distribution on earth?
A. Solar radiation
B. Latitude
C. Mountains
D. All of the above
7) Much of the
western United States has ________ fresh water to meet all the demands
placed on this resource.
A. insufficient
B. sufficient
C. surplus
D. excess
8) Toxic inorganic
chemicals can be naturally released into water from rocks and weathering
processes.
A. True
B. False
9) In the U.S., the
greatest reduction in air emissions has been for which of the following
pollutants?
A. Lead.
B. Sulfur
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen oxides.
10) Tornadoes are
local cyclonic storms caused by _________.
A. funnels of air spun by trade winds
B. violent storms occurring on a
regular time cycle
C. high winds reacting with slow
moving air streams
D. rapid mixing of cold,
dry air and warm, wet air
11) Which of the
following is a widely implemented measure aimed at reducing pollution
from auto emissions?
A. Using catalytic
converters in car engines.
B. Increase the use of gasoline in
cars.
C. Include industrial air filter on
cars.
D. Install longer tail pipes on cars.
12) Which of the
following are predicted possible results of continued global warming?
A. Stable animal populations.
B. Increased spread and
incidence of disease.
C. Fewer severe storms.
D. Less atmosphere temperature
extremes.
13) Air
temperatures in cities are frequently 3¡C to 5¡C (5¡F
to 9¡F) cooler than in the surrounding country side.
A. True
B. False
14) Methane, one of
the greenhouse gases, is released by ______.
A. landfills
B. humans
C. birds
D. deforestation
15) The
earthÕs average temperature has been rising over the past 100
years.
A. True
B. False
16) El Ni–o is a
term referring to a climatic change marked by a shifting of a large
_____ water pool from the western Pacific Ocean toward the east. In the
Northwestern United States, El Ni–o causes the weather to be _______.
A. cold; colder and wet
B. warm; warmer and sunny
C. cold; warmer and sunny, causing
flooding
D. warm; colder and wet
17) Health is
defined as the absence of disease or infirmity.
A. True
B. False
18) The World's
richest countries now spend $100 per person per year on global health.
A. True
B. False
19) The American
Cancer Society calculates that 1 in 2 males and 1 in 3 females in the
United States will have some form of cancer in their lifetime.
A. True
B. False
20) Which of the
following needs to be considered when setting standards for
environmental toxins?
A. The combined effects of
exposure to different sources.
B. The different sensitivities of
members of the population.
C. The effects of chronic exposure
only.
D. The effects of acute exposure
only.
21) A reaction in
which some chemicals interfere with the effects of others in the
environment is known as __________. Conversely, __________ describes
the interaction of chemicals in which one substance multiplies the
effects of another.
A. additive; persistent
B. antagonistic; additive
C. synergistic; degradation
D. antagonistic; synergism
22) One of the
primary ways that our bodies reduce the effects of waste products and
toxins is by eliminating them through a process known as __________.
A. synergism
B. persistence
C. excretion
D. arbitration
23) Malaria, the
most deadly of all insect borne diseases, was nearly vanquished but is
returning because of __________.
A. contaminated water
B. the increase in the land area of
boreal forests
C. climate change
D. increase in wildlife populations
24) A special class
of metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve cells are known as
___________.
A. neurotoxins
B. mutagens
C. neurons
D. teratogens
25) Recognizing the
role of _____ in food production is an important step towards food
security globally.
A. women
B. children
C. urbanites
D. hunters
26) The
stratification of soils is split into different lettered horizons. Soil horizons are correctly layered from top
to bottom as:
A. C, B, A, O, E
B. B, E, A, C, O
C. E, A, O, B, C
D. O, A, E, B, C
27) Traditional
swidden (slash-and-burn) cultivators in Africa and South America often
plant as many as 20 different crops together in a small plot which
helps to reduce erosion.
A. True
B. False
28) Worldwide, the
average amount of cropland per person is currently 0.7 acres, but by
2050 the average might be close to _________.
A. 0.37 acres
B. 2.50 acres
C. 4.00 acres
D. 6.57 acres
29) __________
involves shaping the land to create level shelves of earth to hold water
and soil.
A. Contour plowing
B. Strip-farming
C. Ridge-tilling
D. Terracing
30) According to
the food pyramid proposed by Drs. Willett and Stampfer, which of the
following is not a recommended food that should be eaten in high
quantities to maintain a balanced nutrition?
A. vegetables
B. whole grains
C. plant oils
D. meat
31) Some parts of
the United States and Canada have very high erosion rates which have
been attributed to _______.
A. not using large machinery
B. planting of windbreaks and fence
rows
C. not using herbicide to remove
weeds
D. intensive farming
practices
32) One region
where food production has not been sufficient to feed the growing
population is ________.
A. Australia
B. Canada
C. the Middle East
D. sub-Saharan Africa
33) Which of the
following can help maintain genetic exchange and prevent the high
extinction rates characteristic of isolated and fragmented areas?
A. small reserves
B. habitat corridors
C. inholdings
D. habitat islands
34) In the Pacific
Northwest, government economists say that road building associated with
logging ___________________.
A. has no potential recreational
value
B. is currently prohibited
C. has the potential to
open up the country to motorized recreation
D. increases the amount of logging
possible on federal lands
35) By the year
2025 the demand for __________ will be twice the available supply.
A. industrial wood
B. compost
C. paper
D. fuelwood
36) The United
States established the first national park in the world in 1872. The
name of the Park is ___________.
A. Banff National Park
B. Glacier Bay National Park
C. Crater Lake National Park
D. Yellowstone National Park
37) Remoteness of
forests instead of laws has been mainly responsible for the persistence
of old growth forests around the world.
A. True
B. False
38) Which of the
following is being used to protect marine organisms from destructive
fishing methods?
A. "no-take" refuges or
zones
B. habitat corridors
C. biogeographical areas
D. inholdings
39) When grazing
lands are abused by overgrazing in arid areas, a process called
_________ can convert these lands to barren wastelands.
A. desertification
B. pastoralists
C. selective cutting
D. natural degradation
40) Proposals for
extracting resources from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
mostly involve _____________.
A. drilling for oil and gas
B. gold mining
C. hunting caribou
D. copper mining
41) Currently,
________ percent of all commercial oceanic fish species are
overharvested.
A. 5
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75
42) Temperate
rainforests are found close to the equator.
A. True
B. False
43) The Amazon has
the highest biodiversity concentrations in South America.
A. True
B. False
44) The term
_______ is used to describe the species-poor, sparse forests of black
spruce and peat moss that often border arctic tundra.
A. Taiga
B. Chaparral
C. Coulee
D. Montero
45) In California,
the term _______ is used to describe communities of drought-resistant
shrubs and thorny trees.
A. Tierra
B. Chamiso
C. Malpais
D. Chaparral
46) _______ are
broad environmental types with similar climatic, topographic, and soil
conditions and roughly comparable biological communities.
A. Ecosystems
B. Ecotones
C. Habitats
D. Biomes
47) _______
ecosystems are moist, cool, and dominated by conifers.
A. Chaparral
B. Deciduous forest
C. Boreal forest
D. Tundra
48) _______
diversity describes the number of different kinds of organisms within
individual communities or ecosystems, while _______ diversity means the
richness and complexity of a biological community.
A. Ecological, species
B. Ecological, genetic
C. Species, ecological
D. Species, genetic
49) Which of the
following is a neo-Marxian belief?
A. Claims of resource scarcity are
only an excuse for inequity and exclusion.
B. Population problems can only be
solved through technological development and social justice.
C. Population problems are caused
primarily by the unfair distribution of wealth and resources.
D. All of the above.
50) Studies
indicate that our early ancestors had stable populations mainly because
they _______.
A. Killed each other
B. Often starved to death
C. Controlled fertility
D. Possessed little medical knowledge
51) _______ has a
negative population growth rate.
A. China
B. Nigeria
C. Japan
D. Ethiopia
52) If immigration
were stopped, the United States and Canada would have nearly stable
populations.
A. True
B. False
53) The _______ is
the number of births in a year per thousand persons. It is not adjusted
for population characteristics, such as the number of women of
reproductive age.
A. Dependency ratio
B. Birth ratio
C. Crude birth rate
D. Fertility rate
54) According to
current projections, over the next 50 years most of the worldÕs
population growth will occur in developing nations.
A. True
B. False
55) Human
populations began to grow rapidly after _______, partly due to increased
communication among nations, agricultural developments, and better
health care and hygiene.
A. 5000 B.C.
B. A.D. 1000
C. A.D. 1600
D. A.D. 1850
56) The
worldÕs life expectancy rates for humans has increased from an
average of 40 years to 65 years over the past century. Which of the
following key factors have contributed to this change?
A. Nutrition
B. Education
C. Sanitation
D. All of the above
57) _______
causes some genetically unrelated organisms to look and behave
similarly.
A. Tolerance limits
B. Divergent evolution
C. Convergent evolution
D. Coevolution
58) In primary
succession on a terrestrial site, _______ are the first to appear.
A. Commensalists
B. Scavengers
C. Pioneer species
D. Climax species
59) Successful
exotic species _______.
A. Tend to be opportunists
B. Tend to be prolific
C. Can drastically alter local
environments
D. All of the Above
60) When a
population overshoots, _______.
A. Death rates will begin to surpass
birth rates.
B. The population growth curve will
become negative.
C. A population crash may occur.
D. All of the Above
61) The graph of a
positive exponential growth curve resembles _______.
A. the letter S
B. the letter C
C. the letter J
D. the letter U
62) _______ is the
intimate living together of two or more species.
A. Cohabitation
B. Synergism
C. Symbiosis
D. Codependence
63) Cattle egrets
catch insects kicked up by grazing cows. These birds benefit from their
relationship with the cows, who are apparently indifferent to the
presence of the egrets. This is an example of a _______ relationship.
A. Mutualistic
B. Commensal
C. Intraspecific
D. Parasitic
64) The
_______ of a species describes the role played by that species in a
biological community.
A. Biotic potential
B. Commensal function
C. Ecological niche
D. Synergistic function
65) Rust forming on
a car body is an example of:
A. Oxidation of iron
B.
Reduction of iron
C.
Combustion of iron
D.
Balancing a chemical equation
66) A group of
organisms interacting in an area comprises a(n):
A. Ecosystem
B.
Species
C. Food
web
D.
Biological community
67) An alkaline
substance readily bonds with hydrogen ions and has a pH that is:
A. Lower than 7
B. Equal
to 7
C.
Greater than 7
D. Equal
to 5
68) Two examples of
an acidic solution are:
A. Ammonia and lemon juice
B. Wine
and lye
C. Human
blood and ammonia
D.
Vinegar and lemon juice
69) Humans do not
photosynthesize, so we get our chemical energy from:
A. Sunlight
B.
Eating plants or animals
C. Water
D.
Carbon dioxide
70) When nitrogen
is ÔfixedÕ from the __________, it is converted from
gaseous N2 to__________.
A. Atmosphere; ammonia
(NH3)
B. Soil;
ammonia (NH3)
C.
Atmosphere; nitrate (NO3-)
D.
Ocean; nitrate (NO3-)
71) The First Law
of Thermodynamics states that energy:
A. Can be transferred or
transformed but never created or destroyed under normal circumstances
B. Can
be created, but never destroyed
C. Is
gained whenever it is created
D. In a
natural system goes from a state of disorder to a state of order under
normal circumstances
72) The membranous
organelle where photosynthesis happens is called a __________.
A. Chlorophyll
B.
Chloroplast
C.
Nucleus
D. Cell
wall
73) Which of the
following is not a step in critical analysis?
A. Distinguish between facts and
values.
B. Recognize and assess assumptions.
C. Distinguish source reliability or
unreliability.
D. Disregard conceptual
frameworks.
74) Environmental
scientists strive to be _________ in learning how humans affect our surroundings and how we are affected by our
surroundings.
A. Dogmatic
B. Subjective
C. Omnicient
D. Objective
75) Currently, the
average number of children born per woman worldwide is about __________.
A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
76) __________ out
of 5 people in the world live in what would be considered poverty in
America.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
77) Satellite
images and surface temperature data show that polar regions, especially
in Eurasia, are becoming green earlier in the year and staying green
longer than ever in recorded history. This could be viewed as evidence
of:
A. significant climate
change possibly as a result of human activities such as fossil fuel
combustion
B. ozone depletion in the
stratosphere
C. a slight decrease in the distance
from the earth to the sun
D. increased accumulation in the
atmosphere of greenhouse gases such as nitrogen and oxygen gas.
78) Which gas is
most often associated with global warming?
A. carbon monoxide
B. carbon dioxide
C. ozone
D. sulfur dioxide
79) Which provides
a measurement of how likely something is?
A. Chance
B. Paradigm
C. Criteria
D. Fiscality
80) The World Bank
estimates that about _________ people live in acute poverty, with an
income of less than $1 (U.S.) per day.
A. 250 million
B. 500 million
C. 1.3 billion
D. 2.1 billion