1) The subject of this course is (please answer
correctly as it will be graded):
A. Environmental Science
B. Quantum Mechanics
C. Underwater Basketweaving
D. Advanced Soil Chemistry
2) According to a report from the Sustainable
Endowments Institute, the UW ranks_________ in sustainability with a
grade of ____ (Discussion list).
A. #1, A
B. #8, A-
C. #23, C-
D. #47, D+
3) According to the discussion list, what is the
"tagline" for Environmentalism in the US these days?
A. Individual energy use
B. Going Green
C. Recycling
D. Economic equality
4) Air quality in
the U.S. has improved dramatically in the past decade for major
large-volume pollutants. However, emissions of ________ have NOT
decreased.
A. nitrogen oxides and
particulates
B. volatile organic compounds
C. sulfur dioxide
D. lead
5) At any given
time __________ of the world's population is suffering from worms,
flukes, and other internal parasites.
A. 1/4
B. 1/3
C. 2/3
D. 4/5
6) In deep lakes,
the _______ is the transition zone between the sun-warmed upper layer
of water and the cold, dark lower layer.
A. Thermocline
B. Littoral zone
C. Epilimnion
D. Hypolimnion
7) In 1540, Swiss
scientist Paracelsus said, "The dose makes the poison." By this he
meant that ________________.
A. the LD50 is the lethal dosage for
any organism
B. almost anything is toxic
at some level
C. all toxins are identical
D. mechanisms for DNA repair are
only effective if the toxin is present under certain doses
8) One promising
approach for conserving tropical forests is _______ which facilitates
developed countries being able to provide financial resources to
protect forests and to form reserves.
A. debt-for-nature swaps
B. eliminating tariffs
C. economic embargos
D. conservation easements
9) A(n) _______ is
a grassland with scattered trees.
A. Taiga
B. Savanna
C. Arroyo
D. Chaparral
10) _______ play a
major role in the hydrologic cycle by absorbing groundwater and pumping
it into the atmosphere by ________.
A. Sediments; transpiration
B. Rivers; evaporation
C. Plants; transpiration
D. Buildings; evaporation
11) Which of the
following are toxic inorganic pollutants commonly found in water?
A. Heavy metals
B. Non-metallic Salts
C. Acids
D. All of the above
12) The LD50 is
defined as _______________.
A. half of the chemical dosage
needed to produce lethal responses in a test population
B. the chemical dosage lethal to an
entire test population
C. the chemical dosage to
which 50 percent of the test population is sensitive
D. the body weight at which a test
population dies in response to a toxin
13) As a whole, the
food system in the United States consumes about 16% of the total energy
we use.
A. True
B. False
14) Even though the
United States has an extensive park system, many of these parks protect
____________ than biodiversity or ecological complexity.
A. game animals
B. rocks, ice and snow
C. cultural heritages
D. indigenous communities
15) Deserts occur
at approximately which north and south latitudes?
A. 15 degrees
B. 30 degrees
C. 45 degrees
D. 60 degrees
16) _______
encompasses vital statistics about people, such as births, deaths, and
population size.
A. Taxonomy
B. Demography
C. Genealogy
D. Entomology
17) Which of the
following nations has the shortest life expectancy?
A. United States
B. Italy
C. Chile
D. Russia
18) _______ occurs
when a community first begins to develop on a site previously
unoccupied by living organisms, such as a new volcanic flow.
A. Selective development
B. Landscape stabilization
C. Niche overlap
D. Primary succession
19) The maximum
number of species that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a
sustainable basis is the _______.
A. Tolerance limit
B. Niche capacity
C. Growth limit
D. Carrying capacity
20) If you flip a
coin 3 times, what is the probability that you will get 3 heads in a
row?
A. 1/2
B. 1/3
C. 1/4
D.
1/8
21) Rachel Carson's
1962 book, Silent Spring, heralded
the movement of modern environmentalism. The
book addressed the threat of __________ to humans as well as other
species.
A. global warming
B. soil erosion
C. wetland draining for development
and agriculture
D. pollutants and toxic
chemicals
22) Water
__________ is the total amount of water taken from a particular water
body, while water __________ is the loss of water from that same body
by the processes of evaporation, absorption and contamination.
A. withdrawal; consumption
B. consumption; withdrawal
C. hydrolysis; consumption
D. consumption; contamination
23) Which of the
following methods is the cheapest and most effective way to reduce
pollution?
A. Use toxin consuming microbes
B. Avoiding its production
and release in the first place
C. Recycling and reclamation efforts
D. Chemical and metal extraction
24) Which is an
effective approach to control air pollution?
A. Use high sulfur coal.
B. Increase electricity consumption.
C. Add air filters that
take particulate matter out of emissions.
D. Control pest outbreaks.
25) What is the
greatest source of indoor air pollution in less-developed countries?
A. Inefficient gas heaters.
B. Tobacco smoke.
C. Methane produced in poorly
ventilated poultry plants.
D. Poorly ventilated
heating and cooking fires.
26) Humans live in
which zone of the atmosphere?
A. The troposphere.
B. The stratosphere.
C. The mesosphere.
D. The thermosphere.
27) The latitudinal
location of deserts around the world are areas of ________ where rains
rarely occurs.
A. high pressure
B. low pressure
C. jet streams
D. atmospheric conflict
28) Death rates are
an accurate measure of the burden of disease in a population.
A. True
B. False
C.
D.
29) The low dissolved oxygen levels downstream
of a sewage treatment facility is called the __________.
A. oligotrophic zones
B. eutrophication
C. oxygen sag
D. nonpoint source pollution
30) Carcinogens, or
cancer-causing substances, can cause __________.
A. fetal alcohol syndrome
B. allergic reactions
C. malignant tumors from
out-of-control cell growth
D. nerve cells to die
31) In North
America, less land is being cultivated now than 100 years ago.
A. True
B. False
32) Which of the
following statements is not consistent with the theory of island
biogeography?
A. Species diversity is a balance
between colonization and extinction rates.
B. Large islands near a
mainland tend to have fewer terrestrial species than small, far islands.
C. An island far from a mainland has
a lower rate of colonization than a nearer island.
D. Habitat fragments can be viewed
as islands within a larger landscape.
33) Conifer trees
are more efficient in carrying out photosynthesis during the summer
months than deciduous trees are.
A. True
B. False
34) Which of the
following is not a specialization typical of desert plants?
A. Seasonal leaf production
B. Water-storage tissues
C. Broad, soft leaves
D. Spines and thorns
35) Which of the
following factors may cause a decrease in the desire of women of richer
countries to have children?
A. Socioeconomic status
B. Education
C. Cost of child raising
D. All of the above
36) Approximately
how many human beings inhabit the earth today?
A. 2500 million
B..5500 million
C. 6000 million
D. 4500 million
37) Falling death
rates and birth rates due to improved living conditions usually
accompany economic development. This pattern is called _______.
A. Population overshoot
B. Irruptive growth
C. Demographic transition
D. Economic transition
38) In most tribal
or traditional societies, the average woman gives birth to 10 or 11
children over the course of her lifetime.
A. True
B. False
39) Species _______
is the number of different species in an area.
A. Complexity
B. Density
C. Abundance
D. Diversity
40) The
_______ states that no two species will occupy the same niche and
compete for exactly the same resources in the same habitat for very
long.
A. Principle of limiting factors
B. Law of competitive
exclusion
C. Theory of divergent evolution
D. Law of competitive advantage
41) Competition
among species for the same resource within a single habitat can be
reduced by a process called _______.
A. Divergent evolution
B. Coevolution
C. Partitioning
D. Environmental resistance
42) __________is
the reverse of photosynthesis and results in the release of chemical
energy.
A. Oxidation
B.
Light-dependent reactions
C.
Cellular respiration
D.
Metabolism
43) Organisms that
are able to produce live, fertile offspring are:
A. Omnivores
B.
Species
C.
Biological community
D.
Producers
44) __________ is
defined as the biomass produced in a given area and time.
A. Photosynthesis
B. A
trophic level
C.
Productivity
D.
Energy exchange
45) If you say that
a particular activity is immoral, you are making a(n) _______
statement.
A. Value
B. Impersonal
C. Objective
D. Factual
46) If foresters
clear cut an area of Douglas-fir just uphill of a stream, elevated
nitrogen and phosphorous levels may be seen in the water. This increase
is caused by the absence of vegetation to uptake the nutrients
available in the soil solution. In this
A. oligotrophication
B. cultural eutrophication
C. good management decisions
D. nitrification
47) The goal of the
US Clean Water Act is most simply stated as the return of all US
surface waters to __________ conditions.
A. Òdrinkable and
usableÓ
B. Òfishable and
drinkableÓ
C. Òdrinkable and
swimmableÓ
D. Òfishable and
swimmableÓ
48) Microbes and
plankton are not very sensitive to UV radiation and would probably not
be adversely affected by a hole in the ozone layer.
A. True
B. False
49) True or False:
Throughout the history of the earth, climate has changed constantly on
a long time scale.
A. True
B. False
50) ________ and
_______ may result in too much of a greenhouse effect.
A. Burning of agricultural wastes;
deforestation
B. Burning of fossil fuels;
deforestation
C. Planting trees; storing carbon in
forests
D. Burning rubber tires;
deforestation
51) The top
carnivores in the food chain do NOT suffer from the health effects
experienced by organisms at the lower trophic levels.
A. True
B. False
C.
D.
52) In humans, most
of the enzymes responsible for processing waste products and reducing
the toxicity of poisons are located in the __________.
A. kidneys
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. gall bladder
53) The most common
dietary problem in the U.S. is ________.
A. high cholesterol
B. over-nutrition
C. diabetes
D. calcium deficiency
54) The
reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone ____________.
A. has thrown the park's ecosystem
out of balance
B. required Parks to hire
professional hunters
C. is an attempt to control
elk and deer populations
D. has been welcomed by ranchers as
maintaining their way of life
55) Which of the
following statements is false?
A. Exotic species threaten
biodiversity because they can turn into superagressive
ÒweedyÓ invaders.
B. Some animal populations have been
greatly reduced or deliberately exterminated because they compete with
our use of resources.
C. Genetic assimilation
significantly decreases a speciesÕ risk of extinction.
D. The American chestnut, once the
major tree species of the east coast, was nearly wiped out by a fungal
blight that was accidentally brought in from China.
56) The largest
desert in the world is located in________.
A. Northern Africa
B. Russia
C. The southwestern U.S.
D. The Arctic
57) Since about
A.D. 1000, the human population curve has assumed _______.
A. a J shape
B. a S shape
C. a C shape
D. an U shape
58) _______ is the
physical ability to reproduce, while _______ describes the actual
production of offspring.
A. Fertility, fecundity
B. Fecundity, fertility
C. Fertility, pregnancy
D. Pregnancy, fertility
59) _______
is a nonpermanent form of physiological adaptation available to
individual organisms.
A. Evolution
B. Acclimation
C. Mutation
D. Genetic drift
60) Which of the
following is not a predator?
A. lion
B. Carnivore
C. Omnivore
D. Detritovore
61) _______ is a
symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is
harmed.
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Endemism
D. Antagonism
62) The basic unit
in an organic compound is:
A. A glucose molecule
B.
Hydrogen atoms
C.
Carbon atoms
D.
Nitrogen atoms
63) Multiple
organisms feeding within an ecosystem is called a:
A. Biological community
B. Food
chain
C.
Trophic level
D.
Food web
64) H2O has a
__________ specific heat.
A. High
B. Low
C.
Medium
D.
Negative
65) A covalent bond
is formed when:
A. Cations and anions bond
B.
Atoms share an electron
C. Atoms
are bonded via magnetism
D.
Metals and nonmetals are combined
66) Plants in the
__________ family have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the tissues of their
roots.
A. Corn
B.
Legume (pea)
C. Peat
D. Oak
67) Indigenous or
native peoples account for __________% of the worldÕs
population.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
68) Scientists
sometimes use mathematical __________ to simulate real systems.
A. Archetypes
B. Approximations
C. Models
D. Paragons
69) A ___________
is an explanation that is supported by a vast amount of scientific data
and is generally accepted by a majority of experts in a given field.
A. Proposition
B. Theory
C. Hypothesis
D. Supposition
70) Which of the
following is the best definition of sustainable development?
A. Development that meets the needs
of the present.
B. Development that meets the needs
of the present while preserving endangered ecosystems.
C. Development that ensures that
present consumption rates can be sustained in the long term.
D. Development that meets
the needs of the present while preserving the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
71) ___________
thinking involves breaking a problem down into its constituent parts.
A. Analytical
B. Critical
C. Reflective
D. Logical
72) Marasmus is a
protein and calorie deficiency disease common in Africa. The
effects of this disease are:
A. heart murmur and delays in growth
and development.
B. dry, scaly skin, fatigue,
constipation and unusual weight gain
C. reddish-orange hair and a bloated
stomach.
D. tight skin, sunken eyes and low
energy.
73) ___________,
which historically was almost entirely deforested, is actually
increasing the amount of forested land, whereas other regions are
losing forest land.
A. Asia
B. Europe
C. Africa
D. South America
74) The presence of
predators (such as wolves) in national parks generally prevents species
such as elk from overpopulating and overgrazing the land.
A. True
B. False
C.
D.
75) Traditional
slash and burn agriculture can be sustainable as long as population
levels are low and individual agricultural plots are given enough time
to regenerate.
A. True
B. False
C.
D.
76) The U.S. Forest
Service has begun to shift its policies to focus on __________, which
attempts to integrate sustainable ecological, economic, and social
goals.
A. maximum timber production
B. "cut out and get out"
C. forest preservation
D. ecosystem management
77) The __________
is the layer of soil comprised of weathered rock fragments with very
little organic material.
A. surface litter (O horizon)
B. topsoil (A horizon)
C. zone of leaching (E horizon)
D. parent material (C
horizon)
78) In many
developing countries new land is still being converted to agricultural
use. A major result of this conversion is __________.
A. high price of agricultural crops
B. fewer landless people
C. increased productivity on
converted lands
D. loss of forests and
grazing lands
79) Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterium, is ____________.
A. a cause of increased pesticide
spraying
B. not approved for use by organic
farmers
C. not commonly found in nature
D. is an insecticide
80) Good forest
management requires __________ which maintains habitat for many forest
species.
A. cutting all young trees
B. removing all logging residues
C. removing all dead trees
D. keeping dead trees