Exam1.2B, October 19, 2008

 

The best answers are highlighted in RED

1)  The subject of this course is _______ (answer correctly as it will be graded).
A. Chemical Thermodynamics
B. Environmental Science
C. Variable isotomering
D. Underwater basket weaving

2)  _______ is the physical ability to reproduce, while _______ describes the actual production of offspring.
A. Fertility, fecundity
B. Fecundity, fertility
C. Fertility, pregnancy
D. Pregnancy, fertility

3)  Which of the following statements is false?
A. In undisturbed ecosystems, the rate of extinction is about one species lost every decade.
B. If current trends continue, human activity may cause millions of species to go extinct in the next few decades.
C. Iceburgs meilting is caused by climate change.
D. Wetland loss has had an insignificant impact on biodiversity.

4)  A ___________ is an explanation that is supported by a vast amount of scientific data and is generally accepted by a majority of experts in a given field.
A. Proposition
B. Theory
C. Hypothesis
D. Supposition

5)  According to the discussion list, what is the "tagline" for Environmentalism in the US these days?
A. Individual energy use
B. Going Green
C. Recycling
D. Economic equality

6)  Protozoa and bacteria are examples of:
A. Photosynthetic organisms
 B. Fungi
 C. Living molecules
 D. Single-celled organisms

7)  In the next decade, poorer nations will have the __________ population growth rates.
A. Most variable
B. Most invariable
C. Lowest
D. Highest

8)   _______ are species that occupy a very narrow niche.
A. Specialists
B. Generalists
C. Endangered species
D. Pioneer species

9)  The world as a whole has an average fertility rate of _______ children per woman.
A. 5.1
B. 4.3
C. 2.7
D. 1.2

10)  _______ tend to be rarer and less resilient to disturbance or change than _______.
A. Specialists, generalists
B. Generalists, specialists
C. Opportunists, weedy species
D. Weedy species, opportunists

11)  The World Bank estimates that about _________ people live in acute poverty, with an income of less than $1 (U.S.) per day.
A. 250 million
B. 500 million
C. 1.3 billion
D. 2.1 billion

12)  Coral reefs are similar to tropical rainforests in productivity and species diversity.
A. True
B. False

13)  The human population is now in a(n) _______ pattern of growth.
A. Logistic
B. Exponential
C. Oscillatory
D. Cyclic

14)  Another term for secondary consumers is:
A. Omnivores
 B. Carnivores
 C. Herbivores
 D. Mammals

15)  Which of the following is a neo-Marxian belief?
A. Claims of resource scarcity are only an excuse for inequitable distribution of wealth.
B. Population problems can only be solved through technological development.
C. Population problems are caused primarily by the unfair distribution of wealth and resources.
D. All of the above.

16)  Often, the best way to improve child survival is to ensure the rights of women.
A. True
B. False

17)  _______ are cool tropical forests found high in the mountains, where fog and mist keep vegetation wet all the time.
A. Boreal forests
B. Montane forests
C. Tropical rainforests
D. Cloud forests

18)  Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A. biomass
B. oil
C. natural gas
D. coal

19)  One natural source of inorganic sulfur inputs into the air and water is:
A. Phytoplankton
 B. Plant uptake
 C. Volcanic eruptions
 D. Synthetic fertilizers

20)  The surface soil of tundra ecosystems is waterlogged during the summer due to _______.
A. Heavy rainfall
B. Vertical stratification
C. Glacier melt
D. Permafrost

21)  _______ diversity describes the number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems, while _______ diversity means the richness and complexity of a biological community.
A. Ecological, species
B. Ecological, genetic
C. Species, ecological
D. Species, genetic

22)  Photosynthesis is the conversion of energy from the sun into:
A. Heat
 B. fatty acids
 C. Physical energy
 D. Chemical energy

23)  Current world population growth rate is about ________ percent per year.
A. 0.5
B. 1.3
C. 3.2
D. 4.1

24)  Social and economic factors that increase peopleÕs desires to have children are called _______ pressures.
A. Demographic
B. Pronatalist
C. Malthusian
D. Marxian

25)  In deep lakes, the _______ is the transition zone between the sun-warmed upper layer of water and the cold, dark lower layer.
A. Thermocline
B. Littoral zone
C. Epilimnion
D. Hypolimnion

26)  About __________ of the total incoming sunlight is collected or absorbed.
A. Three-quarters
 B. One-fourth
 C. One half
 D. One tenth

27)  Water has a __________ specific heat.
A. High
 B. Low
 C. Medium
 D. Negative

28)  One DNA molecule contains __________ of atoms.
A. 1000Õs
 B. millions
 C. quadrillions
 D. trillions

29)  An example of carbon recycling is:
A. Use of electric cars
 B. Bonding of Hydrogen
 C. Internal ATP translocation
 D. Coal and oil burning

30)  In the last 50 years, soil degradation has affected about __________% of the worldÕs agricultural lands.
A. 25
B. 42
C. 67
D. 85

31)  Competition among members of the same species is called _______ competition.
A. Mutualistic
B. Intraspecific
C. Antagonistic
D. Interspecific

32)  In order to protect themselves from predators, fish often exhibit a _______ distribution pattern.
A. Linear
B. Random
C. Ordered
D. Clustered

33)  Temperate rainforests are found close to the equator.
A. True
B. False

34)  Diverse communities always exhibit a high degree of ecological complexity.
A. True
B. False

35)  According to the discussion list, when should students first be required to take a course in environmental science?
A. Kindergarten
B. First grade or second grade
C. High school
D. College

36)  A population growing rapidly (assume no immigration) has a high proportion of people who are _______ old.
A. 0 to 15 years
B. 25 to 40 years
C. 50 to 65 years
D. Over 65 years

37)  _______ and _______ are capable of producing their own food.
A. Photosynthetic plants, carnivores
B. Photosynthetic plants, algae
C. Decomposers, detritovores
D. Decomposers, algae

38)  The size of a forest preserve is always more important than its shape.
A. True
B. False

39)  Currently, ________ percent of all commercial oceanic fish species are overharvested.
A. 5
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75

40)   The _______ of a species describes the role played by that species in a biological community.
A. Biotic potential
B. Commensal function
C. Ecological niche
D. Synergistic function