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1) The subject of
this course is _______ (answer correctly as it will be graded).
A.
Environmental Science
B. Chemical
Thermodynamics
C. Variable isotomering
D. Underwater basket weaving
2) According to the
discussion list, what is the "tagline" for Environmentalism in the US
these days?
A. Individual energy use
B. Going
Green
C. Recycling
D. Economic equality
3) In the next
decade, poorer nations will have the __________ population growth rates.
A. Most variable
B. Most invariable
C. Lowest
D. Highest
4) The World Bank
estimates that about _________ people live in acute poverty, with an income of
less than $1 (U.S.) per day.
A. 250 million
B. 500 million
C. 1.3
billion
D. 2.1
billion
5) A ___________ is
an explanation that is supported by a vast amount of scientific data and is
generally accepted by a majority of experts in a given field.
A. Proposition
B. Theory
C.
Hypothesis
D. Supposition
6) Which of the
following is a renewable resource?
A. biomass
B. oil
C. natural gas
D. coal
7) According to the
discussion list, when should students first be required to take a course in
environmental science?
A. Kindergarten
B. First grade or second grade
C. High
school
D. College
8) In the last 50
years, soil degradation has affected about __________% of the worldÕs
agricultural lands.
A. 25
B. 42
C. 67
D. 85
9) Protozoa and
bacteria are examples of:
A. Photosynthetic organisms
B. Fungi
C. Living molecules
D. Single-celled organisms
10) About __________
of the total incoming sunlight is collected or absorbed.
A. Three-quarters
B. One-fourth
C. One half
D. One tenth
11) Another term for
secondary consumers is:
A. Omnivores
B. Carnivores
C. Herbivores
D. Mammals
12) One DNA molecule
contains __________ of atoms.
A. 1000Õs
B. millions
C. quadrillions
D. trillions
13) Photosynthesis is
the conversion of energy from the sun into:
A. Heat
B. fatty acids
C. Physical energy
D. Chemical energy
14) One natural
source of inorganic sulfur inputs into the air and water is:
A. Phytoplankton
B. Plant uptake
C. Volcanic eruptions
D. Synthetic fertilizers
15) Water has a
__________ specific heat.
A. High
B. Low
C. Medium
D. Negative
16) An example of
carbon recycling is:
A. Use of electric cars
B. Bonding of Hydrogen
C. Internal ATP translocation
D. Coal and oil burning
17) In order to
protect themselves from predators, fish often exhibit a _______ distribution pattern.
A. Linear
B. Random
C. Ordered
D.
Clustered
18) Diverse
communities always exhibit a high degree of ecological complexity.
A. True
B. False
19) The size of a
forest preserve is always more important than its shape.
A. True
B. False
20) _______ and
_______ are capable of producing their own food.
A. Photosynthetic plants, carnivores
B.
Photosynthetic plants, algae
C.
Decomposers, detritovores
D. Decomposers, algae
21) _______ are
species that occupy a very narrow niche.
A.
Specialists
B.
Generalists
C. Endangered species
D. Pioneer species
22) The _______
of a species describes the role played by that species in a biological
community.
A. Biotic potential
B. Commensal function
C.
Ecological niche
D.
Synergistic function
23) Competition among
members of the same species is called _______ competition.
A. Mutualistic
B.
Intraspecific
C.
Antagonistic
D. Interspecific
24) _______ tend to
be rarer and less resilient to disturbance or change than _______.
A. Specialists,
generalists
B.
Generalists, specialists
C. Opportunists, weedy species
D. Weedy species, opportunists
25) The world as a
whole has an average fertility rate of _______ children per woman.
A. 5.1
B. 4.3
C. 2.7
D. 1.2
26) A population
growing rapidly (assume no immigration) has a high proportion of people who are
_______ old.
A. 0 to 15
years
B. 25 to 40
years
C. 50 to 65 years
D. Over 65 years
27) Often, the best
way to improve child survival is to ensure the rights of women.
A. True
B. False
28) Which of the following
is a neo-Marxian belief?
A. Claims of resource scarcity are only an excuse for inequitable distribution
of wealth.
B. Population problems can only be solved through technological development.
C. Population problems are caused primarily by the unfair distribution of
wealth and resources.
D. All of
the above.
29) Social and
economic factors that increase peopleÕs desires to have children are called
_______ pressures.
A. Demographic
B.
Pronatalist
C.
Malthusian
D. Marxian
30) Current world
population growth rate is about ________ percent per year.
A. 0.5
B. 1.3
C. 3.2
D. 4.1
31) The human
population is now in a(n) _______ pattern of growth.
A. Logistic
B.
Exponential
C.
Oscillatory
D. Cyclic
32) _______ is the
physical ability to reproduce, while _______ describes the actual production of
offspring.
A. Fertility, fecundity
B.
Fecundity, fertility
C.
Fertility, pregnancy
D. Pregnancy, fertility
33) Which of the
following statements is false?
A. In undisturbed ecosystems, the rate of extinction is about one species lost
every decade.
B. If current trends continue, human activity may cause millions of species to
go extinct in the next few decades.
C. Iceburgs meilting is caused by climate change.
D. Wetland
loss has had an insignificant impact on biodiversity.
34) The surface soil
of tundra ecosystems is waterlogged during the summer due to _______.
A. Heavy rainfall
B. Vertical stratification
C. Glacier melt
D.
Permafrost
35) Coral reefs are
similar to tropical rainforests in productivity and species diversity.
A. True
B. False
36) Currently,
________ percent of all commercial oceanic fish species are overharvested.
A. 5
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75
37) _______ diversity
describes the number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities
or ecosystems, while _______ diversity means the richness and complexity of a
biological community.
A. Ecological, species
B. Ecological, genetic
C.
Species, ecological
D. Species,
genetic
38) Temperate
rainforests are found close to the equator.
A. True
B. False
39) In deep lakes,
the _______ is the transition zone between the sun-warmed upper layer of water
and the cold, dark lower layer.
A.
Thermocline
B. Littoral
zone
C. Epilimnion
D. Hypolimnion
40) _______ are cool
tropical forests found high in the mountains, where fog and mist keep
vegetation wet all the time.
A. Boreal forests
B. Montane forests
C. Tropical rainforests
D. Cloud
forests